Po·grom /pōˈɡrəm,ˈpōɡrəm/ – an organized massacre of a particular ethnic group, in particular that of Jewish people.

Many people associate pogroms with those massacres that occurred to the Jews in Eastern Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries.  The pogroms that took place in the Middle East, North Africa and the Muslim-occupied territories in Southern Europe are lesser known but extensive and well-documented. 

622-627: Ethnic Cleansing of Jews from Mecca and Medina (Jewish boys were publicly inspected for pubic hair. If they had any, they were executed.)

622-634: Extermination of the 14 Arabian Jewish Tribes

629: 1st Alexandria Massacres, Egypt

1033: 1st Fez Pogrom, Morocco

1066: Granada Massacre, Muslim-Occupied Spain

1106: Ali Ibn Yousef Ibn Tashifin of Marrakesh decrees death penalty for local Jews, including his Jewish physician and military general.

1148: Almohadin of Morocco gives Jews the choice of converting to Islam, or expulsion.

1165: Chief Rabbi of the Maghreb is burnt alive. The Rambam flees for Egypt.

1165-1178: Jews nationwide are given the choice to convert to Islam or die, Yemen.

1220: Tens of thousands of Jews are killed by Muslims after being blamed for the Mongol Invasion, Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Egypt

1270: Sultan Baibars of Egypt resolves to burn all the Jews.

1276: 2nd Fez Pogrom, Morocco

1385: Khorasan Massacres, Iran

1438: 1st Mellah Ghetto Massacres, North Africa

1465: 3rd Fez Pogrom, Morocco (11 Jews left alive)

1517: 1st Hebron Pogrom, Ottoman Palestine Marsa ibn Ghazi Massacre, Ottoman Libya

1517: 1st Safed Pogrom, Ottoman Syria Palestina

1517: Attacks on Hevron 

1517: Attacks on Safed 

1577: Passover Massacre, Ottoman Empire

1588-1629: Mahalay Pogroms, Iran

1630-1700: Yemenite Jews are under strict Shiite, “dhimmi,” rules.

1660: 2nd Safed Pogrom, Ottoman Palestine 

1660: Destruction of Tiberias 

1670: Mawza Expulsion, Yemen

1679-1680: Sanaa Massacres, Yemen

1747: Mashhad Masacres, Iran

1785: Tripoli Pogrom, Ottoman Libya

1800: Yemen decree that Jews are forbidden to wear new clothing or ride mules or donkeys, and are rounded up naked.

1830: 3rd Algiers Pogrom, Ottoman Algeria

1830: Ethnic Cleansing of Jews in Tabriz, Iran

1834: 2nd Hebron Pogrom, Ottoman Palestine

1834: Safed Pogrom, Ottoman Palestne

1837: Safed Pogrom 

1839: Massacre of the Mashadi Jews, Iran

1840: Damascus Affair following first of many blood libels, Ottoman Syria

1844: 1st Cairo Massacres, Ottoman Egypt

1847: Dayr al-Qamar Pogrom, Ottoman Lebanon

1847: Ethnic Cleansing of the Jews in Jerusalem, Ottoman Palestine

1848: 1st Damascus Pogrom, Syria

1850: 1st Aleppo Pogrom, Ottoman Syria

1860: 2nd Damascus Pogrom, Ottoman Syria

1862: 1st Beirut Pogrom, Ottoman Lebanon

1866: Kuzguncuk Pogrom, Ottoman Turkey

1867: Barfurush Massacre, Ottoman Turkey

1871: 1st Damanhur Massacres,Ottoman Egypt

1872: 1st Izmir Pogrom, Ottoman Turkey

1872: Edirne Massacres, Ottoman Turkey

1873: 2nd Damanhur Massacres, Ottoman Egypt

1874: 2nd Beirut Pogrom,Ottoman Lebanon

1874: 2nd Istanbul Pogrom, Ottoman Turkey

1874: 2nd Izmir Pogrom, Ottoman Turkey

1875: 2nd Aleppo Pogrom, Ottoman Syria

1875: Djerba Island Massacre, Ottoman Tunisia

1877: 3rd Damanhur Massacres,Ottoman Egypt

1877: Mansura Pogrom, Ottoman Egypt 

1882: Homs Massacre, Ottoman Syria

1882: 3rd Alexandria Massacres, Ottoman Egypt

1886: Petah Tikva massacre 

1890: 3rd Damascus Pogrom, Ottoman Syria

1890: 2nd Cairo Massacres, Ottoman Egypt

1890: Tunis Massacres, Ottoman Tunisia

1891: 4th Damanahur Massacres, Ottoman Egypt

1897: Tripolitania Killings, Ottoman Libya

1901-1902: 3rd Cairo Massacres, Ottoman Egypt

1901-1907: 4th Alexandria Massacres,Ottoman Egypt

1903: 1st Port Sa’id Massacres, Ottoman Egypt

1903-1940: Pogroms of Taza and Settat, Morocco

1908: Jaffa Riots

1907: Casablanca Pogrom, Morocco

1908: 2nd Port Sa’id Massacres,Ottoman Egypt

1910: Shiraz Blood Libel

1911: Shiraz Pogrom

1912: 4th Fez Pogrom, Morocco

1917: Baghdadi Jews Murdered by Ottomans

1918-1948: Law passed making it illegal to raise an orphan Jewish, Yemen

1920: Irbid Massacres, British Mandate of Palestine

1920-1930: Arab Riots, British Mandate of Palestine

1920: Battle of Tel-Hai 

1920: Jerusalem Riots (Nabi Moussa) 

1920: Massacre of Degania 

1921: 1st Jaffa Riots, British Mandate of Palestine

1921: Ayelet Hasha’har Massacre

1921: Bnei Yehuda Massacre 

1921: Massacre of Degania 

1921: Menahemia Massacre 

1921: Metula Massacre 

1922: Djerba Massacres, Tunisia

1928: Jewish orphans are sold into slavery and forced to convert to Islam by Muslim Brotherhood, Yemen.

1929: 3rd Hebron Pogrom, British Mandate of Palestine

1929: 3rd Safed Pogrom, British Mandate of Palestine

1929: Beer Tuvia Massacre 

1929: Beit Shean Massacre 

1929: Ein Zeitim Massacre

1929: Gaza Massacre 

1929: Gedara Massacre 

1929: Haifa Massacre

1929: Har Tuv Massacre 

1929: Huldah Massacre 

1929: Jaffa Massacre

1929: Jenin Massacre 

1929: Jerusalem Massacre 

1929: Kfar Uria Massacre 

1929: Massacre of Acre 

1929: Mishmar Haemek Massacre 

1929: Motza Massacre

1929: Nablus Massacre 

1929: Ramla Massacre 

1929: Tel Aviv Massacre 

1933: 2nd Jaffa Riots, British Mandate of Palestine

1934: Thrace Pogroms, Turkey

1936: 3rd Jaffa Riots, British Mandate of Palestine

1936-1939: Kfar Shiloah Massacre

1936-1939: Mishmar Hacarmel Massacre

1936-1939: Pkh’in Massacre

1936-1939: Ruhama Massacre

1936: Jerusalem Massacre 

1936: Battle of Anabta

1938-1945: Arab collaboration with the Nazis

1938: Massacre of Tiberias

1941: Farhud Massacre, Iraq

1942: Mufti collaboration with the Nazis; plays a part in the Final Solution

1945: 4th Cairo Massacre, Egypt

1945: Tripolitania Pogrom, Libya

1947: Aden Pogrom

1948: Ben Yehuda Street Bombing

1948: Kfar Etzion Massacre

1948: Massacre of the Convoy for the Mount Scopus Hospital

1954: Massacre of Ma’aleh Aqrabbim 

1970: Avivim School Bus Massacre 

1970: El-Al Plane Attack at Munich Airport

1972: Munich Olympics Massacre

1973: Fiumicino Bombing

1974: Kiryat Shmona Massacre

1974: Ma’alot Massacre

1975: Ben Yehuda Street Bombing 

1975: Savoy Tel Aviv Hotel Attack

1976: Ben Yehuda Street Bombing

1976: Hostage Taking on Air France Flight 139 (Entebbe Raid)

1978: Coastal Highway Massacre

1979: Attack on Nahariya

1985: Hijacking of Achille Lauro

1989: Suicide Bombing Bus 405 Tel Aviv-Jerusalem

1993: Bet El Car Bomb Attack

1994: Afula Bus Car Bomb Attack

1994: Hadera Bus Car Bomb Attack

1994: Jerusalem Suicide Bombing 

1994: Netzarim Suicide Bombing 

1994: Tel Aviv Suicide Bombing 

1995: Beit Lid Massacre

1995: Kfar Darom Bus Suicide Attack 

1995: Ramat Eshkol Bus Bombing 

1995: Ramat Gan Bus Suicide Bombing

1996: Jerusalem Bus Suicide Bombing

1997: Attack on the Ma’hané Yehuda Market

1997: Bomb Attack on Ben Yehuda Street

1997: Suicide Bombing on Ma’hané Yehuda Market

1997: Tel Aviv Restaurant Bombing

1997: Tel Aviv Suicide Bombing

1998: Jerusalem Suicide Bombing

1998: School Bus Suicide Bombing

1999: Nahshon Car Attack

2000: Lynching of Ramallah

2000: Ma’hané Yehuda Market Bombing

2001: Ben Yehuda Street Bombing

2001: Dolphinarium Nightclub Massacre 

2001: Kfar Saba Suicide Bombing

2001: Sbarro Restaurant Massacre 

2002: Attack on the Hebrew University of Jerusalem

2002: Café Moment Bombing

2002: Kfar Junction Suicide Bombing

2002: Kiryat Menachim Massacre

2002: Massacre Bar Mitzvah Festivities Meal

2002: Megiddo Junction Bus Bombing

2002: Netanya Park Hotel Bombing (Passover) 

2002: Par Junction Bus Bombing

2002: Rishon Lezion Bombing

2002: Suicide Bombing Restaurant Matza 

2002: Yeshiva Bet Israel Massacre

2003: Haifa Bus Bombing

2003: Jerusalem Bus Suicide Bombing

2003: Tel Aviv Central Station Massacre 

2003: Shmuel Hanavi Bus Bombing

2004: Ashdod Port Bombing

2004: Beersheba Suicide Bombings

2004: Taba Attacks

2005: Netanya Shopping Center Suicide Bombing 

2008: Jerusalem Bulldozer Attack

2008: Mercaz Harav Massacre

2014: Bulldozer Attacks 

2014: Jerusalem Synagogue Massacre (Har Nof) 

2014: Kidnapping Hamas

2016: Tel Aviv Shooting 

2017: Halamish Massacre 

2022: Attack on Beersheba 

2022: Bnei Brak Shootings

2022: Elad Ax Attack

2023: October 7th Simchat Torah Massacre

2023: Eli Attack

2023: Hebron Attack

2023: Huwara Attack

2023: Jerusalem Bus Station Attack

2023: Pogroms of October 7th

2023: Yom Hashoah Synagogue Attack